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Two cycle Engine Applications and Lubrication

Two cycle Engine

Applications and Lubrication Needs

The best two cycle engine oil

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Two cycle engines can be found nearly everywhere these days. They are used in dozens of applications and in a wide variety of designs for everything from work and recreation to power generation. two cycle engines have design differences and operate under conditions that require different oil chemistries than their four-cycle counterparts. In order to recommend a lubricant for a two-cycle engine, one needs to know how this engine operates, why it is used in place of a four-cycle engine and where and in what type of applications it is used.

Two cycle Engine

What is a two cycle engine? How do two cycle engines work?

Two cycle engine

Two cycle engine

The terms “two-cycle” and “two-stroke” are often inter-changed when speaking about two cycle engines. These engines derive their name from the amount of directional changes that the pistons make during each power stroke. Internal combustion engines are used to produce mechanical power from the chemical energy contained in hydrocarbon fuels. The power-producing part of the motor’s operating cycle starts inside the motor’s cylinders with a compression process. Following this compression, the burning of the fuel-air mixture then releases the fuel’s chemical energy and produces high-temperature, high-pressure combustion products. These gases then expand within each cylinder and transfer work to the piston. Thus, as the engine is operated continuously, mechanical power is produced. Each upward or downward movement of the piston is called a stroke. There are two commonly used internal combustion engine cycles: the two-stroke cycle (Two cycle engine) and the four-stroke cycle.

Two cycle Engine

How are two cycle engines different from four-cycle engines?

Two cycle engine

Two cycle engine

The fundamental difference between two cycle engines and four-cycle engines is in their gas exchange process, or more simply, the removal of the burned gases at the end of each expansion process and the induction of a fresh mixture for the next cycle. The two cycle engine has an expansion, or power stroke, in each cylinder during each revolution of the crankshaft. The exhaust and the charging processes occur simultaneously as the piston moves through its lowest or bottom center position.

In a four-cycle engine, the burned gasses are first displaced by the piston during an upward stroke, and then a fresh charge enters the cylinder during the following downward stroke. This means that four-cycle engines require two complete turns of the crankshaft to make a power stroke, versus the single turn necessary in a two-cycle engine. In other words, two-cycle engines operate on 360 degrees of crankshaft rotation, whereas four-cycle engines operate on 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation.

Where are two cycle engines used?

Two-cycle engines are inexpensive to build and operate when compared to four-cycle engines. They are lighter in weight and they can also produce a higher power-to-weight ratio. For these reasons, two-cycle engines are very useful in applications such as chainsaws, Weedeaters, outboards, lawnmowers and motorcycles, to name just a few. Two-cycle engines are also easier to start in cold temperatures. Part of this may be due to their design and the lack of an oil sump. This is a reason why these engines are also commonly used in snowmobiles and snow blowers.

Some advantages and disadvantages of two-cycle engines

Because two-cycle engines can effectively double the number of power strokes per unit time when compared to four-cycle engines, power output is increased. However, it does not increase by a factor of two. The outputs of two-cycle engines range from only 20 to 60 percent above those of equivalent-size four-cycle units. This lower than expected increase is a result of the poorer than ideal charging efficiency, or in other words, incomplete filling of the cylinder volume with fresh fuel and air. There is also a major disadvantage in this power transfer scenario. The higher frequency of combustion events in the two-cycle engine results in higher average heat transfer rates from the hot burned gases to the motor’s combustion chamber walls. Higher temperatures and higher thermal stresses in the cylinder head (especially on the piston crown) result. Traditional two-cycle engines are also not highly efficient because a scavenging effect allows up to 30 percent of the unburned fuel/oil mixture into the exhaust. In addition, a portion of the exhaust gas remains in the combustion chamber during the cycle. These inefficiencies contribute to the power loss when compared to four-cycle engines and explains why two-cycle engines can achieve only up to 60 percent more power.

How are two-cycle engines lubricated?

Two-cycle motors are considered total-loss type lubricating systems. Because the crankcase is part of the intake process, it cannot act as an oil sump as is found on four-cycle engines. Lubricating traditional two-cycle engines is done by mixing the oil with the fuel. The oil is burned upon combustion of the air/fuel mixture. Direct Injection engines are different because the fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber while the oil is injected directly into the crankcase. This process is efficient because the fuel is injected after the exhaust port closes, and therefore more complete combustion of fuel occurs and more power is developed. Direct injection engines have a higher power density than traditional two-cycle engines. Because the oil is directly injected into the crankcase, less oil is necessary and lower oil consumption results (80:1 range). Direct Injection motors have higher combustion temperatures, often up to 120F. They also require more lubricity than traditional two-cycle motors.

 

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AMSOIL Provides Complete Vehicle Cold-Weather Performance

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Amsoil synthetic oil works better in extreme cold. Extreme cold can cause conventional motor oil, transmission fluid and gear lube to thicken, starving vital moving parts of necessary lubrication. In many cases, thick motor oil will prevent vehicles from starting. Cold, thick transmission fluid results in delayed or sluggish shifts and inadequate protection for bearings, valves and other critical parts. Thick gear lube, meanwhile, requires more energy to turn the gears, reducing fuel efficiency. Because gears and bearings in the axle housing are splash-lubricated, conventional gear lubes that are too thick at cold temperatures can starve internal components of lubrication, which can cause excessive wear and premature failure.
Conventional petroleum lubricants thicken because they often contain paraffin (wax). While modern refining techniques remove most of the wax from petroleum oil, some wax-like molecules remain. These wax-like molecules are soluble at ambient temperatures above freezing, but crystallize into a honeycomb-like structure at lower temperatures and cause circulation problems. At startup, this can leave working parts unprotected while the lubricant warms to a temperature that allows it to flow. amsoil synthetic lubricants do not contain paraffin. Amsoil synthetic oils provide outstanding low-temperature fluidity for fast, dependable winter starts; quick, responsive shifts and immediate startup protection. Superior Amsoil Fuel & Coolant Additives and Amsoil Diesel applications can be especially sensitive to cold-weather issues. As the temperature drops, the wax naturally found in diesel fuel begins to form
crystals. The point at which wax crystals form is known as the cloud point. These wax crystals eventually clog the fuel filter and starve the engine of fuel, preventing it from starting. While low-quality fuels may form wax crystals in temperatures as warm as 40°F, most fuels have a cloud point near 32°F. The point at which the wax crystals clog the fuel filter is known as the cold filter-plugging point (CFPP). amsoil Cold Flow Improver reduces the CFPP of ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel by as much as 20ºF for increased protection. In frigid conditions, motorists often idle vehicles for extended periods to warm the interiors and defrost the windows. Not only can the practice be inconvenient, it wastes fuel as well. amsoil Dominator® Coolant Boost uses proprietary tiered-surfactant technology to provide quick and effective heat transfer inside radiator and cylinder heads, resulting in faster engine warm-up times. As a result, vehicle interiors warm more quickly and the defroster becomes effective sooner. Amsoil diesel fuel additive. Amsoil antifreeze. Amsoil fuel addetive.

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AMSOIL PRODUCTS PREPARE EQUIPMENT FOR TOUGH WINTER WEATHER

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AMSOIL PRODUCTS PREPARE EQUIPMENT FOR TOUGH WINTER WEATHER

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The fall months are the time to place boats, motorcycles and lawn care equipment into storage and prepare snowmobiles, snowblowers and other vehicles for the coming winter.

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AMSOIL products are formulated to provide maximum protection for engines and fuel systems during storage, while Amsoil synthetic motor oils’ low pour points provide superior cold-temperature protection and performance in two-and four-stroke winter equipment.

 

Fall Storage Protection

Gasoline can break down in as little as 60 days, causing varnish and gums that clog injectors, fuel lines and carburetors, leading to poor engine performance and starting problems. In many applications, draining the fuel system can be impractical, and doing so can expose the system to corrosion on the bare metal in the tank and fuel system and cause gasket and seal cracking.

AMSOIL Gasoline Stabilizer reduces the oxidation that occurs when fuel is store for extended periods, improving performance, extending equipment life and decreasing maintenance expenses.Amsoil
During storage, fluctuations in ambient temperatures can form condensation within the engine that can cause surface corrosion on cylinder liners, piston rings, anti-friction bearings and steel/iron contact surfaces on rotational seals. Long periods of storage can also dry out cylinders, often resulting in permanent damage when the equipment is dry-started in the spring.

AMSOIL Engine Fogging Oil offers superior film retention, providing long-term protection against corrosion and dry starts, extending engine life and reducing operating expenses. Its aerosol spray formulation offers easy and clean application, while reaching more components and offering complete distribution of the oil, something especially beneficial in applications with horizontal cylinder orientation, such as outboard motors.

Winter Four-Stroke Performance 

Conventional oils thicken in the cold, which can result in inadequate lubrication to critical engine parts at cold start-up, or even prevent the engine from starting.
AMSOIL Formula 4-Stroke Power Sports Synthetic Motor Oil provides serious protection and performance in four-stroke engines, including ATVs and snowmobiles. Its broad 0W-40 viscosity rating effectively protects in both hot and cold temperature extremes.
AMSOIL Formula 4-Stroke Synthetic Small Engine Oil provides exceptional protection in the severe-service conditions common in both gasoline-and diesel-fueled small engines including welders, skidsteers, compressors, snowblowers and more. It remains fluid at sub-zero temperatures for superior cold-weather protection.
Winter Two-Stroke Performance
AMSOIL DOMINATOR and INTERCEPTOR
Synthetic 2-cycle Oils provides exceptional performance in snowmobiles and other two-stroke equipment. Amsoil DOMINATOR is formulated with heavier base oils for “on the edge” operation, while also protecting pistons and bearings subjected to the rigors of extreme riding.
AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR is engineered specifically for power-sports applications and engines equipped with exhaust power valves. It contains the finest synthetic base oils and additives for exceptional cleanliness, while controlling exhaust valve sticking and providing outstanding overall lubrication.
Gasoline Additive
AMSOIL Quick shot SE is formulated to thoroughly clean varnish, gums and insoluble debris in two-and four-stroke gasoline-powered small engines and power sports equipment fuel systems, restoring peak performance. Amsoil Quickshot effectively addresses performance issues related to ethanol, water and dirty pump gas, while stabilizing fuel between uses and during short-term storage periods. Use Amsoil for fewer fuel related problems and better winter performance.

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